Machining Fundamentals

cnc programming

Tooling Offset
I thought this would be a great place to do a quick talk on Tooling Offset.  Tool Offset is the amount you must “Offset” the tool while machining.  For example, the tool paths that we created in CAM Software are located in the dead center of the tool unless you do something about it.  Most times you set the tool offset in your CAM program, but sometimes you might have to do it during the machining phase, depending on your machine.

What if you had a one-inch diameter tool, we will use an end mill in this example, and you needed to take off .25” around the perimeter of a 5” by 5” block of aluminum?  Without tool offset, the tool path would be around the perimeter of the block.  The end mill would take off half of its diameter or .5” inches.  You need to offset the tool so this does not happen.  In this case you would offset the tool outside of the block by .25”, then the end mill would take off .25” of material.

Zeroing the machine out
When beginning your machining, you always need to zero out the machine.You need to let the cnc control software know where the starting point for the project is.When zeroing out a machine, you will use an edge finder.  Most times in CNC Machining, you will just pick your starting point on the steel and begin the program there.

The final “Part”
Parts are the outcome of your work.  That is unless you are making artistic pieces.Parts are built to a spec.Machinists will check the parts they are making as they come from the CNC Machine.  Many times, they will use a go/no-go gauge.  With a go/no-go gauge they can quickly check out the critical dimension of the part and reload the machine.

Chips?
Machinist call the material being removed “Chips.”  This is because most things that are machined are metal and they come off the part in chip form.Chips can be dangerous and sharp.You have to be aware that chips will be flying around as they are cut away.  Quite a few machines will have enclosures around them to block these chips from flying around.

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